Transverse Sinus Stenting in Pseudotumor Cerebri
Transverse sinus stenosis (TSS), with a pressure gradient, is common in patients with IIH. While the role of TSS in IIH pathogenesis remains controversial, modelling studies suggest that stenting of a stenosis with a significant pressure gradient should increase cerebral venous outflow and reduce intracranial pressure, thereby improving symptoms of IIH and reducing papilledema, even when the stenosis is secondary to the intracranial hypertension. We aimed to determine if stenting could be helpful in IIH management. Thirty-eight patients, who met diagnostic criteria for IIH and had one or more TSSs with gradient on venography + manometry, were studied. The mean superior saggital sinus pressure was 35mmHg (=476mmH2O) with a mean TSS gradient of 20mmHg. The mean lumbar CSF pressure before stenting was 319mmH2O. Stents were placed using an endovascular approach. Length of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 8 years. The TSS pressure gradient was abolished in all patients immediately following stenting. Most patients reported symptomatic improvement within hours. The papilledema resolved in all patients over weeks and 31/38 had a persisting improvement in visual symptoms and visual fields. The mean lumbar CSF pressure after stenting was 219mmH2O. Patients were given clopidogrel and aspirin for 3-6 months after stenting and aspirin alone indefinitely afterwards. Our findings confirm a role for transverse sinus stenting in the management of selected patients with IIH. A randomized controlled study would be required to evaluate transverse sinus stenting in comparison to other treatments.